Welcome to Holy Cross! ¡Bienvenidos a la Iglesia Santa Cruz!

Holy Cross Church is eager to be a part of your life and have you as a part of our life. We are committed to growing in the likeness of Jesus Christ, a daily process that requires prayer, sacraments, discipline and a community of individuals striving for the same goal.

La Iglesia Católica Santa Cruz está muy emocionada de ser parte de su vida y de tenerle a usted como parte de nuestra vida. Estamos comprometidos en crecer a semejanza de Jesucristo, un proceso diario que requiere de oraciones, sacramentos, disciplina y de una comunidad de individuo que luchan por el mismo objetivo.

Most Recent News of Clergy Abuse:

Archbishop Sample’s Response

Dear Clergy, Religious, and Lay Faithful of the Archdiocese of Portland,

Like many of you, I was shocked, angered, and discouraged by the recent revelations concerning retired Archbishop Theodore McCarrick. Then came the release of the Pennsylvania Grand Jury report on clergy sex abuse in six Pennsylvania dioceses, covering more than seven decades. These horrific revelations are particularly painful in light of what victims in our own Archdiocese have suffered and the impact that sexual abuse has had on the Church here. I am sorry beyond words for the harm that has been done.

These most recent accusations and details expose - yet again - certain systematic and profound failures of episcopal leadership in our Church. These failures are both institutional and spiritual in nature, and date back many decades. First, it is an institutional failure for the Church, in that this is not just a matter of a refusal to follow policies or of negligent oversight; but rather, at least in the McCarrick case, that someone entrusted with pastoral responsibility and care could, apparently, act in such a heinously sinful and criminal manner. It is also an institutional failure that someone like this could rise to such a high level unimpeded and without being challenged or held accountable. As for the Grand Jury report, amidst the sordid and graphic descriptions of clerical sex abuse it tells of yet more examples of Church leaders covering up, keeping quiet or looking the other way when confronted with allegations of evil among their own. All of these allegations should have been brought to light much sooner; and then dealt with swiftly, justly, and transparently.

Second, the tragedy of clerical sex abuse is a profound spiritual failure; and especially so when someone called to be a good shepherd, to live a holy and chaste life consecrated to Christ and his people, and to serve as Jesus served, acts in such a gravely sinful, evil manner. If bishops, clergy, and religious lose the personal relationship with God, a way of life at odds with the Gospel often results. This diminishes or quenches the flame of love and life in Christ that we must have in serving the People of God. . . .

(Please look for the rest of the Archbishop’s response and Pope Francis’ response at archdpdx.org or holycrosspdx.org)

What's Happening

Bishop Barron Series: The Mass

The Mass is a privileged and intimate encounter with our Lord Jesus Christ. Join us for the new series of presentations by Bishop Robert Barron on The Mass. See how we are intimately joined with the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Jesus through the Holy Eucharist. This series, The Mass, will help us understand how to fully, […]

Register for Family Faith Programs at Holy Cross Parish!

Now is the time to register for family faith formation programs at Holy Cross Parish! We have a variety of programs to help support your family as you progress in your faith life. From young children through high school and beyond, we have resources for you! Kindergarten through Sixth Grade: Religious Education Classes These classes […]

Our Parish’s Response

Keeping Families Together and Helping Immigrant Children Our parish’s response includes the following: Donating to RAICES Legal Aid—Please support the LEAF program to support children through legal help, advocacy, and education. In the past few weeks, we took on a mission as a parish. Our goal was to gather in solidarity and in community to […]

Steubenville Teens Shared Powerful Weekend

Over the weekend of July 27-29, twenty-four teens from Holy Cross travelled to Spokane, WA for the Steubenville NW Conference. They attended with thousands of other teens, celebrating our Catholic faith and learning about what it means to grow in the spirit and to become Catholic adults. The teens bonded together through games, songs, […]

Festival of Events

Parish Festival Calendar of Events!

HOLY CROSS CATHOLIC CHURCH FESTIVAL SANTA CRUZ 5 de agosto, 2018/August 5, 2018 11:00a.m.-11:15a.m. Apertura del Evento/Festival begins 11:15a.m. – 12:00p.m. Praise and Worship Music 1:15p.m. – 2:15p.m. DANZA AZTECA Ome Itzacuauhtli Aztec Dance 2:20p.m.-2:50p.m. GRUPO ZEXTA ALIANZA Live music 3:00p.m.-3:30p.m. Ballet Folklórico Corazones Alegres de Latino Network/ Folklore Dance 3:40p.m.-4:40p.m. MARIACHI MÉXICO EN LA […]

	September 2018
Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Sun
					1 Men's Bible Study Men's Bible Study September 1, 2018 8:00 am - 9:30 am Parish Office All Men (young and older) are invited to join us for study, prayer and fellowship! Please Contact Bob if interested 503.286.3612 See more details Reconciliation Reconciliation September 1, 2018 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm See more details Vigil Mass Vigil Mass September 1, 2018 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm See more details Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous September 1, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center See more details • • • •	2 Mass Mass September 2, 2018 8:00 am - 9:00 am Church See more details Religious Education (Spanish) Religious Education (Spanish) September 2, 2018 9:00 am - 12:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious education is offered September through May only Located in the Parish Center/Convent See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 2, 2018 9:00 am - 9:30 am School Hall See more details Mass Mass September 2, 2018 10:00 am - 11:00 am Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) September 2, 2018 10:00 am - 10:30 am See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 2, 2018 11:00 am - 11:30 am School Hall See more details Religious Education (English) Religious Education (English) September 2, 2018 11:15 am - 12:15 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious Education is offered only September through May. Classes in the School classrooms See more details Mass in Spanish Mass in Spanish September 2, 2018 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Jr. and High Youth Groups Jr. and High Youth Groups September 2, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Located in School Hall See more details • • • • • • • • •
3 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 3, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Juan Diego Prayer Group Juan Diego Prayer Group September 3, 2018 6:00 pm - 11:00 pm See more details • •	4 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 4, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Keeping Families Together Rosary Keeping Families Together Rosary September 4, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Keeping Families Together and Helping Immigrant Children Our parish’s response includes the following: 1. Keep Donating to RAICES Legal Aid—Please support the LEAF program to support children through legal help, advocacy, and education. 2. Prayer—Please continue to hold these children, their parents, and all involved in your prayers. Prayer cards are available at the entries of the church for prayer at home. Also, for the foreseeable future, we will gather on Tuesdays at 7pm to pray the Rosary, asking our Blessed Mother’s generous intercession in uniting and protecting families. See more details • •	5 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 5, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Reconciliation Reconciliation September 5, 2018 6:30 pm - 7:30 pm See more details • •	6 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 6, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Adoration Adoration September 6, 2018 9:00 am - 9:00 pm Church See more details Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group September 6, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm Parish Center See more details • • •	7 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 7, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Community Coffee and Treats after Mass Community Coffee and Treats after Mass September 7, 2018 9:00 am - 10:00 am Coffee and Treats after Mass is at 9:00 when there is NOT a school Mass. See more details Faustino Prayer Group Faustino Prayer Group September 7, 2018 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center Please contact Faustino with questions 503-839-2391 See more details • • •	8 Reconciliation Reconciliation September 8, 2018 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm See more details Vigil Mass Vigil Mass September 8, 2018 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm See more details Community Potluck Community Potluck September 8, 2018 6:00 pm - 7:00 pm Join us for our community potluck! We provide the main, you help provide the side dishes. See more details Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous September 8, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center See more details • • • •	9 Mass Mass September 9, 2018 8:00 am - 9:00 am Church See more details Religious Education (Spanish) September- May Religious Education (Spanish) September- May September 9, 2018 9:00 am - 12:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious education is offered September through May only Located in the Parish Center/Convent See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 9, 2018 9:00 am - 9:30 am School Hall See more details Mass Mass September 9, 2018 10:00 am - 11:00 am Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) September 9, 2018 10:00 am - 10:30 am See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 9, 2018 11:00 am - 11:30 am School Hall See more details Religious Education (English) Religious Education (English) September 9, 2018 11:15 am - 12:15 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious Education is offered only September through May. Classes in the School classrooms See more details Mass in Spanish Mass in Spanish September 9, 2018 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Jr. and High Youth Groups Jr. and High Youth Groups September 9, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Located in School Hall See more details • • • • • • • • •
10 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 10, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Juan Diego Prayer Group Juan Diego Prayer Group September 10, 2018 6:00 pm - 11:00 pm See more details Gods Girls (Women's Bible Study) Gods Girls (Women's Bible Study) September 10, 2018 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm See more details • • •	11 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 11, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Keeping Families Together Rosary Keeping Families Together Rosary September 11, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Keeping Families Together and Helping Immigrant Children Our parish’s response includes the following: 1. Keep Donating to RAICES Legal Aid—Please support the LEAF program to support children through legal help, advocacy, and education. 2. Prayer—Please continue to hold these children, their parents, and all involved in your prayers. Prayer cards are available at the entries of the church for prayer at home. Also, for the foreseeable future, we will gather on Tuesdays at 7pm to pray the Rosary, asking our Blessed Mother’s generous intercession in uniting and protecting families. See more details • •	12 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 12, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Anointing of the Sick Anointing of the Sick September 12, 2018 9:00 am - 9:30 am Church See more details Mom's Group Mom's Group September 12, 2018 9:30 am - 11:00 am Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Christian Moms' Fellowship This group is designed to support and affirm women in the many roles that we have in life as mothers, wives, daughters, sisters, and friends. It is a ministry about women (united by our vocation and faith) who come together to share the joys and struggles of motherhood. Moms of all ages and stages are welcome to participate in our meetings. We serve, pray, and grow together in friendship We meet the 2nd and 4th Wednesdays of the month from 9:30-11am in the parish center (convent). Childcare is available for a minimal fee. Please contact Jessie at holycrosscmf@gmail.com for more information. See more details Reconciliation Reconciliation September 12, 2018 6:30 pm - 7:30 pm See more details • • • •	13 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 13, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Adoration Adoration September 13, 2018 9:00 am - 9:00 pm Church See more details Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group September 13, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm Parish Center See more details • • •	14 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 14, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Community Coffee and Treats after Mass Community Coffee and Treats after Mass September 14, 2018 9:00 am - 10:00 am Coffee and Treats after Mass is at 9:00 when there is NOT a school Mass. See more details Faustino Prayer Group Faustino Prayer Group September 14, 2018 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center Please contact Faustino with questions 503-839-2391 See more details • • •	15 Men's Bible Study Men's Bible Study September 15, 2018 8:00 am - 9:30 am Parish Office All Men (young and older) are invited to join us for study, prayer and fellowship! Please Contact Bob if interested 503.286.3612 See more details Reconciliation Reconciliation September 15, 2018 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm See more details Vigil Mass Vigil Mass September 15, 2018 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm See more details Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous September 15, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center See more details • • • •	16 Mass Mass September 16, 2018 8:00 am - 9:00 am Church See more details Religious Education (Spanish) September- May Religious Education (Spanish) September- May September 16, 2018 9:00 am - 12:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious education is offered September through May only Located in the Parish Center/Convent See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 16, 2018 9:00 am - 9:30 am School Hall See more details Mass Mass September 16, 2018 10:00 am - 11:00 am Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) September 16, 2018 10:00 am - 10:30 am See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 16, 2018 11:00 am - 11:30 am School Hall See more details Religious Education (English) September-May Religious Education (English) September-May September 16, 2018 11:15 am - 12:15 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious Education is offered only September through May. Classes in the School classrooms See more details Mass in Spanish Mass in Spanish September 16, 2018 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Jr. and High Youth Groups Jr. and High Youth Groups September 16, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Located in School Hall See more details • • • • • • • • •
17 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 17, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Juan Diego Prayer Group Juan Diego Prayer Group September 17, 2018 6:00 pm - 11:00 pm See more details • •	18 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 18, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Keeping Families Together Rosary Keeping Families Together Rosary September 18, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Keeping Families Together and Helping Immigrant Children Our parish’s response includes the following: 1. Keep Donating to RAICES Legal Aid—Please support the LEAF program to support children through legal help, advocacy, and education. 2. Prayer—Please continue to hold these children, their parents, and all involved in your prayers. Prayer cards are available at the entries of the church for prayer at home. Also, for the foreseeable future, we will gather on Tuesdays at 7pm to pray the Rosary, asking our Blessed Mother’s generous intercession in uniting and protecting families. See more details • •	19 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 19, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Reconciliation Reconciliation September 19, 2018 6:30 pm - 7:30 pm See more details • •	20 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 20, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Adoration Adoration September 20, 2018 9:00 am - 9:00 pm Church See more details Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group September 20, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm Parish Center See more details • • •	21 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 21, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Community Coffee and Treats after Mass Community Coffee and Treats after Mass September 21, 2018 9:00 am - 10:00 am Coffee and Treats after Mass is at 9:00 when there is NOT a school Mass. See more details Faustino Prayer Group Faustino Prayer Group September 21, 2018 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center Please contact Faustino with questions 503-839-2391 See more details • • •	22 Reconciliation Reconciliation September 22, 2018 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm See more details Vigil Mass Vigil Mass September 22, 2018 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm See more details Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous September 22, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center See more details • • •	23 Mass Mass September 23, 2018 8:00 am - 9:00 am Church See more details Religious Education (Spanish) September- May Religious Education (Spanish) September- May September 23, 2018 9:00 am - 12:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious education is offered September through May only Located in the Parish Center/Convent See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 23, 2018 9:00 am - 9:30 am School Hall See more details Mass Mass September 23, 2018 10:00 am - 11:00 am Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) September 23, 2018 10:00 am - 10:30 am See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 23, 2018 11:00 am - 11:30 am School Hall See more details Religious Education (English) September-May Religious Education (English) September-May September 23, 2018 11:15 am - 12:15 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious Education is offered only September through May. Classes in the School classrooms See more details Mass in Spanish Mass in Spanish September 23, 2018 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Jr. and High Youth Groups Jr. and High Youth Groups September 23, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Located in School Hall See more details • • • • • • • • •
24 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 24, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Juan Diego Prayer Group Juan Diego Prayer Group September 24, 2018 6:00 pm - 11:00 pm See more details Gods Girls (Women's Bible Study) Gods Girls (Women's Bible Study) September 24, 2018 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm See more details • • •	25 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 25, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Keeping Families Together Rosary Keeping Families Together Rosary September 25, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Keeping Families Together and Helping Immigrant Children Our parish’s response includes the following: 1. Keep Donating to RAICES Legal Aid—Please support the LEAF program to support children through legal help, advocacy, and education. 2. Prayer—Please continue to hold these children, their parents, and all involved in your prayers. Prayer cards are available at the entries of the church for prayer at home. Also, for the foreseeable future, we will gather on Tuesdays at 7pm to pray the Rosary, asking our Blessed Mother’s generous intercession in uniting and protecting families. See more details • •	26 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 26, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Reconciliation Reconciliation September 26, 2018 6:30 pm - 7:30 pm See more details • •	27 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 27, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Adoration Adoration September 27, 2018 9:00 am - 9:00 pm Church See more details Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group Grupo de Oracion Faustino Prayer Group September 27, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm Parish Center See more details • • •	28 Daily Mass Daily Mass September 28, 2018 8:30 am - 9:00 am Church All School Mass is offered on Fridays throughout the school year. See more details Community Coffee and Treats after Mass Community Coffee and Treats after Mass September 28, 2018 9:00 am - 10:00 am Coffee and Treats after Mass is at 9:00 when there is NOT a school Mass. See more details Faustino Prayer Group Faustino Prayer Group September 28, 2018 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center Please contact Faustino with questions 503-839-2391 See more details • • •	29 Reconciliation Reconciliation September 29, 2018 3:30 pm - 4:30 pm See more details Vigil Mass Vigil Mass September 29, 2018 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm See more details Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous September 29, 2018 7:00 pm - 8:00 pm Parish Center See more details • • •	30 Mass Mass September 30, 2018 8:00 am - 9:00 am Church See more details Religious Education (Spanish) September- May Religious Education (Spanish) September- May September 30, 2018 9:00 am - 12:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious education is offered September through May only Located in the Parish Center/Convent See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 30, 2018 9:00 am - 9:30 am School Hall See more details Mass Mass September 30, 2018 10:00 am - 11:00 am Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) Children's Liturgy of the Word (English) September 30, 2018 10:00 am - 10:30 am See more details Community Doughnuts and Coffee Community Doughnuts and Coffee September 30, 2018 11:00 am - 11:30 am School Hall See more details Religious Education (English) September-May Religious Education (English) September-May September 30, 2018 11:15 am - 12:15 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Religious Education is offered only September through May. Classes in the School classrooms See more details Mass in Spanish Mass in Spanish September 30, 2018 12:00 pm - 1:30 pm Holy Cross Catholic Church, 5227 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA See more details Jr. and High Youth Groups Jr. and High Youth Groups September 30, 2018 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm Holy Cross Catholic School, 5202 N Bowdoin St, Portland, OR 97203, USA Located in School Hall See more details • • • • • • • • •